Improving population health requires more than strong evidence. It demands approaches that can grapple with the dynamic, interconnected, and context-dependent nature of real-world systems. This track brings together complementary perspectives to examine how complexity can be systematically addressed across the research-to-impact continuum.

The session opens with a focus on designing evaluations for complex interventions, exploring how rigorous frameworks can be adapted to reflect real-world health system realities. It then examines how realist evaluation can unpack the mechanisms and contextual factors shaping outcomes in home-based palliative care for non-cancer patients. Building on this, the track considers what readiness to scale truly requires, and how evidence can inform implementation decisions. Finally, modelling approaches are explored as tools to simulate, optimise, and anticipate the impact of population health interventions under uncertainty.

Together, these presentations equip researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to navigate complexity from evidence generation to sustained impact.